Enhancing LTE Network Performance through Soft Frequency Reuse Strategies

Main Article Content

Alfin Hikmaturokhman
Hasanah Putri
Izanoordina Ahmad
Normahinta Solihah

Abstract

This paper explores the implementation of the Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) algorithm to optimize interference management in LTE networks. Using Bandung City as a case study, the research evaluates performance metrics such as SINR and throughput across dense urban, urban, and suburban areas. The study employs the Cost-231 propagation model and proportional SINR-based resource allocation to optimize network planning. Results demonstrate that SFR effectively balances resource allocation and interference mitigation under varying traffic conditions, providing practical insights for network operators. These findings validate SFR’s capability to improve LTE network performance across diverse environments.

Article Details

Section
Telecommunication

References

Adu, J. A., Napolitano, F., Nucci, C. A., Diego Rios Penaloza, J., & Tossani, F. (2020). A DC-Link Voltage Control Strategy for Fast Frequency Response Support. 20th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, MELECON 2020 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELECON48756.2020.9140721

Al-Ashwal, N. H., Al Soufy, K. A. M., Al-Kamali, F. S., & Swillam, M. (2023). Performance analysis of wireless compressed-image transmission over DST-based OFDMA systems. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2023(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02286-9

Bao, L., & Shi, J. (2023). A Novel Approach to Grain Shape Factor in 3D Hexagonal Cellular Automaton. Crystals, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030544

Chang, S. H., Kim, S. H., & Choi, J. P. (2020). The Optimal Distance Threshold for Fractional Frequency Reuse in Size-Scalable Networks. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2019.2943048

Daldoul, Y., Meddour, D. E., & Ksentini, A. (2020). Performance evaluation of OFDMA and MU-MIMO in 802.11ax networks. Computer Networks, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107477

Du, D., Li, J., Ding, Z., Wu, L., Li, L., & Huang, S. (2022). A Novel ICIC Scheme Combining 3D ML-SFR and CoMP. Radioengineering, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.13164/RE.2022.0085

Giswara, F., & Indrawati. (2018). A Measurement Tool for Analyzing Factors Influencing the Urban Quality of Life: A Case Study from Bandung Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 8(3). https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.8.3.2018.p7539

Hernandez-Solana, A., Garcia-Ducar, P., Valdovinos, A., Garcia, J. E., De Mingo, J., & Carro, P. L. (2022). Experimental Evaluation of Transmitted Signal Distortion Caused by Power Allocation in Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Techniques for LTE/LTE-A and 5G Systems. IEEE Access, 10. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3170910

Hikmaturokhman, A., Ramli, K., Suryanegara, M., Mardian, R. D., Baharsyah, A. M., Amanaf, M. A., Abdi, M., & Wijayanti, Y. D. (2023). The Impact of Real Traffic from Twitter for 5G Network Deployment. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.2.18294

Jeyaraj, J. P., Haenggi, M., Sakr, A. H., & Lu, H. (2021). The Transdimensional Poisson Process for Vehicular Network Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(12). https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3089553

Joo, S., Kim, T., Song, T., & Pack, S. (2020). MU-MIMO enabled uplink OFDMA MAC protocol in dense IEEE 802.11ax WLANs. ICT Express, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2020.04.007

Lian, J., & Brandt-Pearce, M. (2020). Multiuser visible light communication systems using OFDMA. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 38(21). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.3008290

Liu, J. (2022). Comparison of Different Frequency Channel Allocation Methods in ultra-dense networks. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology, 27. https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3817

Liu, Z., Wu, J., Lu, W., Liu, D., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., & Huang, J. (2022). A General Downlink Frequency-domain ICIC Framework for Next-generation RAN. 2022 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2022 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008558

Lu, Z. (2022). Comparison of Fractional Frequency Reuse and Soft Frequency Reuse for Interference Management. EEI 2022 - 4th International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics.

Luu, B. H., Lam, S. C., Tran, D. T., & Khruahong, S. (2023). Different User Classification Algorithms of FFR Technique. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 752 LNNS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4725-6_73

Musa, A., Adekola, F. O., & Faruk, N. (2022). Performance Evaluation of Strict Fractional Frequency Reuse and Frequency Reuse Factor-3 in 5G Networks. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Technology for Education and Development: Changing the Narratives Through Building a Secure Society with Disruptive Technologies, ITED 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITED56637.2022.10051468

Nashwan, S., & Nashwan, I. I. H. (2021). Reducing the Overhead Messages Cost of the SAK-AKA Authentication Scheme for 4G/5G Mobile Networks. IEEE Access, 9. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3094045

Nema, S., Mathur, A., Prakash, V., & Pandžić, H. (2023). Optimal BESS Compensator Design for Fast Frequency Response. 2023 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Energy and Control, PIECON 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIECON56912.2023.10085831

Novanana, S., & Hikmaturokhman, A. (2023). 4G Radio Access Network Simulator for Lab as a Service: Operation, Administration and Maintenance Scenarios in Indonesia. Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.20961/jeeict.5.1.68748

Putri, H., Ahmad, I., Hikmaturokhman, A., & Haura Putri, D. (2024). Automatic Cell Planning Method for Radio Network Optimization. https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.1.1913

Salmeno, A. P., & Iskandar. (2022). Performance of Some Frequency Reuse Schemes on LTE 900 MHz for Cell-Edge Users in Multi-Layer LTE. Proceeding of 2022 16th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Services and Applications, TSSA 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSSA56819.2022.10063917

Sathya, V., Kala, S. M., Bhupeshraj, S., & Tamma, B. R. (2021). RAPTAP: a socio-inspired approach to resource allocation and interference management in dense small cells. Wireless Networks, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02460-7

Seo, M., Chang, S. H., Lee, J. M., Kim, K. H., Park, H., & Kim, S. H. (2023). Optimal Coverage of Full Frequency Reuse in FFR Networks in Relation to Power Scaling of a Base Station. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 23(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218925

Supriadi, H., & Putri, H. (2020). Range expansion method on heterogeneous network to increase picocell coverage. Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 18(5), 2341–2351. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.V18I5.14640

Wang, J., Wang, Z., Ma, X., Smith, A., Gu, F., Zhang, C., & Ball, A. (2020). Locating Sensors in Large-Scale Engineering Systems for Fault Isolation Based on Fault Feature Reduction. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 357(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2020.05.037

Wang, J., Yan, R., & Tang, H. (2023). Grid cell modelling with mapping representation of self-motion for path integration. Neural Computing and Applications, 35(32). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06039-x

Wei, H., Deng, N., & Haenggi, M. (2022). Performance Analysis of Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in mm-Wave Cellular Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3097376

Wei, J., & Tian, H. (2021). Research and design of resource allocation algorithm in a wireless communication system. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1903(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1903/1/012006

Zhao, D., Qin, H., Xin, N., & Song, B. (2023). Flexible Resource Management in High-Throughput Satellite Communication Systems: A Two-Stage Machine Learning Framework. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 71(5). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2023.3255239