Design Of The Rectangular Microstrip Antenna For E-UTRAN New Radio – Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 91
Download : 27
Main Article Content
Abstract
Wireless communication systems are multiplying, and the high data access and volume have increased yearly. The 3GPP release 15 introduces a technique called E-UTRAN New Radio – Dual Connectivity (EN-DC). This technique allows users to simultaneously utilize 4G and 5G transmissions on a single antenna. The EN-DC antenna requires beamforming capabilities, often achieved using a Butler matrix. Butler matrix can produce an ideal phase difference of -1350, -450, +450, and +1350, or called ±450 and ±1350. This research discusses the design of microstrip rectangular MIMO 4x4 standalone and the Butler matrix method operation at 2.1 GHz and 2.375 GHz to obtain a phase difference in each antenna element. In this case, the simulation results show that a standalone antenna MIMO 4x4 produces a main phase direction of approximately ±171.00 at 2.1 GHz for 4G at elements 1, 2, 3, and 4. At 2.375 GHz for 5G, the main phase direction for the same elements is approximately ±25.00. At 2.1 GHz for 4G at elements 1, 2, 3, and 4, the simulation results for the antenna MIMO 4x4 with the Butler matrix indicate a main phase direction of around ±1.00. For elements 1 and 4, the primary phase direction at 2.375 GHz is around ±19.00, while for elements 2 and 3, it is around ±52.00. The simulation results demonstrate that the phase direction of the antenna MIMO 4x4 is significantly improved because of the Butler matrix. In addition, that is a limited phase direction for a standalone antenna MIMO 4x4.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- Author grant the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
References
Ardianto, F. W., RENALDY, S., LANANG, F. F., & YUNITA, T. (2019). Desain Antena Mikrostrip Rectangular Patch Array 1x2 dengan U-Slot Frekuensi 28 GHz. ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika, 7(1), 43.
C. A. Balanis. (2005), Antenna Theory : Analysis Design, Thirt Edition. Wiley 120 Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Cerna, R. D., & Yarleque, M. A. (2018, June). A 3D compact wideband 16× 16 Butler matrix for 4G/3G applications. In 2018 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium-IMS (pp. 16-19). IEEE.
F. Deriko, and A. H. Rambe. (2015), “Rancang Bangun Antena Mikrostrip Array Patch Segiempat Dual-Band (2,3 GHz dan 3,3 GHz) Dengan Pencatuan Proximity Coupled,” Singuda ENSIKOM, vol. 12,no. 32, pp. 18–22, 2015.
Huawei. (2019), "5G Antenna White Paper, New 5G New Antenna 5G Antenna White Paper v2," Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Huawei Industrial Base Bantian Longgang, Shenzhen 518129, P. R. China
I. Uchendu and J. Kelly. (2016), "Survey of beam steering techniques available for millimeter wave applications," Prog. Electromagn. Res. B, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 35–54, 2016.
Idrus et al., (2019). A low-loss and compact single-layer butler matrix for a 5G base station antenna. Plos one, 14(12), e0226499.
Khandelwal, M. K., Kanaujia, B. K., & Kumar, S. (2017). Defected ground structure: fundamentals, analysis, and applications in modern wireless trends. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2017(1), 2018527.
KOMINFO. (2017) No. 12 tahun 2017 “Penggunaan Teknologi Pada Pita Frekuensi 450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2,1 GHz dan 2,3 GHz Untuk Penyelenggaraan Jaringan Bergerak seluler” Jakarta, 2017.
Louati, S., Talbi, L., & OuldElhassen, M. (2018, October). Design of 28 GHz Switched Beemforming Antenna System Based on 4× 4 Butler Matrix for 5G Applications. In 2018 fifth international conference on internet of things: systems, management and security (pp. 189-194). IEEE.
Mahardhika, C., Sinaga, K. J., & Arsyad, M. (2016). Analisis Perubahan Fasa Terhadap Pola Radiasi untuk Pengarahan Berkas Antena Stasiun Bumi. ReTII..
P. Gammel, D.R. Pehlke, D. Brunel, S. J. Kovacic, & K. Walsh (2017), "White Paper 5G in Prespective - A Pragmatic. Guide to What's Next," Skyworks
Pengumuman KOMINFO. (2021) No. 1/SP/TIMSEL2.3/KOMINFO/03/2021 “Seleksi Pengguna Pita Frekuensi Radio 2,3 GHz Untuk Keperluan Penyelenggaraan Jaringan Bergerak Seluler” Jakarta, 2021.
Ramesh, M., & Kb, Y. I. P. (2003). Design formula for inset fed microstrip patch antenna. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications (JMOe), 3(3), 5-10.
Safitri, N., Astuti, R. P., & Nugroho, B. S. (2018). Switch-Beam Vivaldi Array Antenna Based On 4x4 Butler Matrix for mmWave. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 218, p. 03011). EDP Sciences.
Shaikh, F. I., & Akhade, S. B. (2015). Smart antenna system using 4× 4 Butler matrix switched beam network for 2.4 GHz ISM band. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 4(3), 278-282.
Sheikh, M. U., Asghar, M.-Z., & Jantti, R. (2020). Dual connectivity in non-stand alone deployment mode of 5G in Manhattan environment. In ICEIC 2020 : Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications, Barcelona, Spain Article 9051202 IEEE.Permen
Yusup, N. L., Nugraha, E. S., & Goran, P. K. (2021). Perancangan Antena Mikrostrip Rectangular Array untuk Teknologi 5G pada Frekuensi 28 GHz. InComTech: Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer, 11(2), 100-117.
3GPP. (2019). "Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects Release 15," TR 21.915, V15.0.0, 2019.