Indonesian Non-GSO Satellites: Current Operations and Future Predictions
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Abstract
Operasi satelit di Indonesia yang dikenal luas adalah tentang operasi satelit-satelit di orbit geostasioner (GSO) untuk misi telekomunikasi. Namun, dalam dekade terakhir ini, operasi satelit-satelit non-GSO di Indonesia meningkat dengan pesat. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mengapa peningkatan tersebut terjadi dan mendapatkan gambaran tentang masa depan operasi satelit non-GSO di Indonesia. Untuk tujuan tersebut, dilakukan ulasan atas operasi satelit non-GSO yang lalu dan saat ini. Analisis dilakukan pada karakteristik misi, pemilik/operator, dan spesifikasi dari satelit-satelit tersebut. Selain itu, dilakukan kajian pustaka tentang tren global dan lingkungan strategis yang menentukannya. Hasil studi menyimpulkan bahwa penyebab pertumbuhan satelit non-GSO di Indonesia adalah bertambahnya penggunaan aplikasi penginderaan jauh, aplikasi M2M, dan pengembangan satelit oleh LAPAN. Di masa depan, diperkirakan naiknya penggunaan satelit non-GSO untuk penginderaan jauh akan disebabkan oleh faktor yang sama. Namun, untuk telekomunikasi, akan lebih didorong oleh beroperasinya konstelasi satelit global baru. Peningkatan penggunaan satelit non-GSO untuk penginderaan jauh tidak berakibat banyak pada kebutuhan frekuensi dan stasiun Bumi. Sementara, kenaikan penggunaan satelit non-GSO untuk telekomunikasi akan memerlukan tambahan alokasi frekuensi dan stasiun Bumi yang cukup banyak.
Indonesian satellite operations are mainly known for the operation of geostationary orbit (GSO) satellites for telecommunication missions. In the last decade, however, the activities of non-GSO satellites in Indonesia are significantly increasing. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to find out the cause of the growth and to predict the future operation of non-GSO satellites in Indonesia. For such purpose, review on the operation of non-GSO satellites in the past and now was done. Analysis on the characteristics of their missions, owners/operators, and technical characteristics of the satellites were done. Literature studies on the global trends and their defining strategic environments were also done to complete the insight. The study shows that increase in the use of non-GSO satellites is caused by the growth in remote sensing application, M2M application, and development of LAPAN’s satellites. In the future, the growth of non-GSO remote sensing satellite is predicted to be caused by the same reason. The increase in the use of non-GSO telecommunication satellites, however, will be affected more by the new global trend. The increase in non-GSO remote sensing satellites does not affect significantly on the needs of frequency and ground stations. The increase in the non-GSO telecommunication satellites, however, needs significant additional frequency allocations and ground stations.
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